![危险化学品安全管理基础知识](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/291/29975291/b_29975291.jpg)
1.3 危险化学品的标志
危险化学品的种类、数量较多,危险性也各异,为了便于对危险化学品的运输、储存及使用安全,有必要对危险化学品进行标识。危险化学品的安全标志是通过图案、文字说明、颜色等信息鲜明、形象、简单地表征危险化学品危险特性和类别,向作业人员传递安全信息的警示性资料。
《化学品分类和危险性公示通则》(GB 13690—2009)中规定了下列危险符号是GHS中应当使用的标准符号,见图1-2。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic066.jpg?sign=1738890367-3uOK68F1lY44LfmqKZaFJra4Qio7YTrl-0-2361f51390bc91b248707e9c90b8bf76)
图1-2 GHS中应当使用的标准符号
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic114.jpg?sign=1738890367-t6GozRJSXMhSesqrJ34dj2Swngnqp3L9-0-f7f53933af7cfc0fb67cfa81725fc0cf)
图1-3 GHS象形图示例
GHS使用的所有危险象形图都应是设定在某一点的方块形状,应当使用黑色符号加白色背景,红框要足够宽,以便醒目,如图1-3。
根据GHS及GB 20576—2006~GB 20599—2006、GB 2060—12006~GB 20602—2006,各类危险化学品象形图的标志如表1-35~表1-61所示。
表1-35 爆炸品
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic227.jpg?sign=1738890367-2k1iQv9QetuRbPOWkvQaqTUmDKC01HRD-0-72624a8c8dd37fabe19995c58cf5db26)
表1-36 易燃气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic228.jpg?sign=1738890367-66Tc8JBRZhsTA8A27PfsKWRMJRAoJIv7-0-6d14175dbb218c6ba99f7e3f5bfdc4cc)
表1-37 易燃气溶胶
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic229.jpg?sign=1738890367-eYRfQgB7QfYBqubyjn7fGnNGA3CSHgNv-0-868714fd77315a3e96b558681f51ac1e)
表1-38 氧化性气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic067.jpg?sign=1738890367-inFYYO8gLVJW7MnDso0sG6Rn7aNLiLvh-0-8d48c73ca319703e7f3a797a1e46c8d4)
表1-39 压力下气体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic230.jpg?sign=1738890367-GvGjXGgmGUxFeBDfWpCKOOvDcNZ2WCBj-0-7dc9e172026b5fed32e94995e2a16d71)
表1-40 易燃液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic231.jpg?sign=1738890367-RaxOlnSvWsEe5Z7nIc3lSChlZCCZyQr6-0-c637f4ad1578f7da633291a2215f3464)
表1-41 易燃固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic232.jpg?sign=1738890367-cTLeaT0shLac9p7Y9MJ3NcxXDvIxQijp-0-4162052e3fd33ee8ca1e43207f240b76)
表1-42 自反应物质或混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic233.jpg?sign=1738890367-Sbx7bUT2xw7ggz1GIvB3jsbKYVwD0gzG-0-a8c707c292176be4b0325df563a217e7)
表1-43 自热物质和混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic234.jpg?sign=1738890367-364MW1wzclXlsFratDrk6hQoAkt0OkAg-0-d7d4e2800dd49dc0f174da29f36a8014)
表1-44 自燃液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic069.jpg?sign=1738890367-DPGvaWq8LgZYRkX7Q5iMXrCtay3ezSdx-0-1bfb885ca9aeb8003e3b2544d8cd77d5)
表1-45 自燃固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic068.jpg?sign=1738890367-e8TfcAlqEsRcbYTG6PIK5L3QQUETanXh-0-01e5a1682646ee71cb5bf4a8d5296cd6)
表1-46 遇水放出易燃气体的物质或混合物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic235.jpg?sign=1738890367-DV9yp71obaHtDt3MoXgppDGfBkiAllsg-0-749b0d6d871999159f1f8d143bd1438f)
表1-47 氧化性液体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic236.jpg?sign=1738890367-ecOgCSjokeqWGSZQ9Jtq9Hme4tqGUQfn-0-670ef99590698ea3832cc1bc8bd9cda1)
表1-48 氧化性固体
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic237.jpg?sign=1738890367-PxpMUMub4zTS3pv1sAZrEUPtNAgGS5rd-0-55c8f0e3c45bbacab62de342ab2f4af6)
表1-49 有机过氧化物
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic238.jpg?sign=1738890367-KkjOTgaiOh7K4Y73XpFov6buCzaf6L7U-0-7eb056f4bf2469c1b880b7ac455ea3c5)
表1-50 金属腐蚀剂
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic070.jpg?sign=1738890367-l3FMLM93aoIgr67R1BEv49jjA8fDOrWj-0-909355aad7d5a912be4cba50cb33fcb8)
表1-51 急性毒性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic071.jpg?sign=1738890367-wvK5FFfHcZmcTj7ZNwp4R8GNmb46xBCt-0-2685b354a1de963d52382654e4447f68)
续表
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic072.jpg?sign=1738890367-Y1ujWs0OhrnQzavIjLVg5aPIbm9hmEx7-0-cdecc0eb082983b751253526e059e113)
表1-52 皮肤腐蚀/刺激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic239.jpg?sign=1738890367-5dM0TG6EFO0JNA3lyNYdJxO5uViHeis9-0-f9a291cb100d902dffa4c42bfe6baccb)
表1-53 严重眼损伤/眼刺激
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic240.jpg?sign=1738890367-GasmhyFsdJc9MA1KXMTLvkFb3QUZKcoL-0-57cfd22a28b6849bd2e626f296f46906)
表1-54 呼吸或皮肤过敏
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic241.jpg?sign=1738890367-2d1iMAv1r62vPjBuIwY12262HY8mcIhx-0-a6d861961f8c206d8636f06735e14a15)
表1-55 生殖细胞致突变性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic242.jpg?sign=1738890367-PMx1cXfLTndHKgNrkAgVLDlRLpHKgTDA-0-19f652db2690cd736cfd132158f07822)
表1-56 致癌性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic243.jpg?sign=1738890367-nrJ3W2LISZB2BRsVoT4ZVesdgFXtOnqC-0-3317b9a1412e02f2e7ea754f6caa3ec7)
表1-57 生殖毒性
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic244.jpg?sign=1738890367-gNY7bPpZfLJYCeJ8rFMgqLDsxYdK6a4e-0-c086faed5712032b281672962a81a7e4)
表1-58 特异性靶器官系统毒性一次接触
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic246.jpg?sign=1738890367-o92i3WYuK8zIvz8xFbiEsDQzQAZOCq7p-0-4a50bbfd7921f5d945e9437184ddedee)
表1-59 特异性靶器官系统毒性反复接触
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic247.jpg?sign=1738890367-JMqTrJGVPxB7fxLtXHeGIBfgMNQehMeD-0-c225119328364d86f0d6dd57005a351d)
由于吸入危险性在我国还未转化成为国际标准,因此缺少此种类危险性的标签要素。
表1-60 对水环境的危害(急性)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic248.jpg?sign=1738890367-3KPGt8iVtc17XE36BWxHTuuDJrz0NeQR-0-faf4dd111f16a2e3b75ef7edd0d5632c)
表1-61 对水环境的危害(慢性)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/DA411D/16499769305841606/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/Pic249.jpg?sign=1738890367-7AlV8t9YZBzS7ax9VyjnrXOWJmrbIJzF-0-67ae906c4b956af7bad10928025f68a6)