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2 钢铁材料的分类及技术条件
2.1 一般用钢
碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 700—2006)
表3-1-5 碳素结构钢的化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00029002.jpg?sign=1738829294-GmYUEBUFrBdy8ne66z2wp0dUqwUkDM5T-0-b796fcc823319d6ca30a7e7b335ee5bb)
注:1.本标准适用于一般交货状态(钢材一般以热轧、控轧或正火状态交货),通常用于焊接、铆接、栓接工程构件用热轧钢板、钢带、型钢和棒钢。
2.经需方同意,Q235B的含碳量可不大于0.22%。
3.在保证钢材力学性能符合本标准的情况下,各牌号A级钢的碳、锰、硅含量可不作为交货条件,但应在质量证明书中注明其含量。
4.镇静钢脱氧完全,性能较半镇静钢和沸腾钢优良。沸腾钢脱氧不完全,化学成分不均匀,内部杂质较多,耐腐蚀性和机械强度较差,冲击韧度较低,冷脆倾向及时效敏感较大,不适于在高冲击负荷和低温下工作,但成材率高,成本低,没有集中缩孔,表面质量及深冲性能好,一般结构可大量采用。新标准取消半镇静钢。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00030001.jpg?sign=1738829294-mkzWzddVlhOgTVZqCM3pnAQFfX0kQTwj-0-0c290a23d375069e67aea1570aeda2da)
优质碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 699—1999)和锻件用碳素结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00031001.jpg?sign=1738829294-pHDLkwcGK7nyyWvuGG5FvZlXQZX6qWx5-0-401445e2602cec8771dfc53e2090daf4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00032001.jpg?sign=1738829294-N4MIGIRJBRdISQQEnu5s7krQB2hpDnYv-0-b70f48d0cd0a25c43690116d73b230ad)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00033001.jpg?sign=1738829294-z0F6CkIOlz7YKOngJ0YFaVGWJQB8kW2Z-0-343be06a2a17c186e8a3abc862449eec)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00034001.jpg?sign=1738829294-KysC9567s11epMvdEdx4iwGfU7MKPBQ7-0-1b30a734fd4c98713c209d17ac3d11ae)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00035001.jpg?sign=1738829294-nRXCNKiWiS9w3cxyYNufKeFF0gujjugv-0-4062b3a55623c031ce6d31a82465f212)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00036001.jpg?sign=1738829294-TpRFagnLF1Ph0w4RQdBTf6n7xNP2M3sU-0-5d6677389c83007c5b007be094f9a8e5)
低合金高强度结构钢(摘自1591—2008)
表3-1-8 化学成分
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00037001.jpg?sign=1738829294-9dHRKoAJKFPWwCV7VYUjy9ZjVtp1tzQE-0-bd8afecd4e816427e0c494a713203c32)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00038001.jpg?sign=1738829294-rPmnIzIAizqq9Ug258Mzrt86Jxxb8Yuc-0-270e772b79301f276448edce5bd5278a)
合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 3077—1999)和锻件用合金结构钢(摘自GB/T 17107—1997)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00039001.jpg?sign=1738829294-OVwpIHdPOFkjz6i1i6SseSIDozVQc12c-0-b9db91a35e1e5073852db06fdb4216a9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00040001.jpg?sign=1738829294-7IW2v1UxHcjq0HyBWlrIpAU6s6QgP3jy-0-1b6fab6f8a080c80defb722ccf826c70)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00041001.jpg?sign=1738829294-y9oQaGqoAxbkJ5J3Lbot9E5oAX22lfqY-0-9e1d8cfadd1e900578a73af10780426a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00042001.jpg?sign=1738829294-FrpBcgPW5oLpHnZbF7oEi9mbAR9SE0dj-0-e9ca308be0e5343e01cfdeb555a11573)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00043001.jpg?sign=1738829294-nIz79LkK7XWTSHeUA5zeHXfqhAMoDCzw-0-32cb4842909642a322a83f27f7f77046)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00044001.jpg?sign=1738829294-buUR1J6fNehHUlmP0IBfW163VrwHApPx-0-b55dc6f0a44c5d2f23d63398e429a474)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00045001.jpg?sign=1738829294-47d8mesA8QTVGaX1yXMos2RNqXsbdr1E-0-41a8567a67fcfd9eac1464c78d9f9c78)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00046001.jpg?sign=1738829294-umwHZYn28sMttmox06Y9oO5rTMQlGaMS-0-b519194e475c386d316450cc6443a4eb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00047001.jpg?sign=1738829294-T5GSOeoOuZgnThw4HamTog3uhVGn5SNj-0-5e698abd2fa9abf6341b77a1d0af09a1)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00048001.jpg?sign=1738829294-W0o2vBdHCM8QUwAZCo1VdnWFxHc0XGp9-0-ae1cf3adc6330f9368c3836bc0c9b6a9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00049001.jpg?sign=1738829294-nMEAzrhYzna2EU2WtmXdA75KQm4bQSRh-0-9e53dd20e95941366e1479abc491cb6b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00050001.jpg?sign=1738829294-GNV5vITwa7U9hLeNkSegEtzvyqqKrWho-0-93f82134d3e514c05cbd3e1b0638382a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00051001.jpg?sign=1738829294-UU76Fsg3bFxYXQUpWHZbBxVqhP4oTb92-0-1c1aef877c7c03c6e0645b3a09e13741)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00052001.jpg?sign=1738829294-CjfFPGJ8i0HMVc4H3PHrR3vh2i4EzgB3-0-31b3fb3b45d676d0e574f1c3f90e38e7)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00053001.jpg?sign=1738829294-F1VmCj7wkFRRAfj1SUKBijooiTAM9pAf-0-f07c69b0f6689bda78e5a6fe60005bd5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00054001.jpg?sign=1738829294-bOuvPGOyIj8N1hyBgATp2RQKuAM72MpE-0-70064e738ee5ec36b77c0247bb02f67a)
弹簧钢及轴承钢(摘自GB/T 1222—2007、GB/T 18254—2002)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00055001.jpg?sign=1738829294-SsCa4P9m8ncSyjn4TfMjahAXzZYge4xc-0-1f709eff2e5f41b59d623a7f97528873)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00056001.jpg?sign=1738829294-IhxdkozZmbhANIOnXC4eQkPKXiV65JnT-0-2aed945a9c91c28e39a620cc777d8856)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00057001.jpg?sign=1738829294-utFVjv06YoXzuVPe0rbvz66POpmHNslp-0-248b85aed15354ec96edc274b2b599ea)
不锈钢耐热钢(摘自GB/T 1220—2007、GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00058001.jpg?sign=1738829294-6dBNkyMjP81IJ9z0MaINv4BnEGUNmWFk-0-442f563ba4e0963748b5d74febd95151)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00059001.jpg?sign=1738829294-2WszkApTN3jAyeL2BR8a6FDjyOCm89Cx-0-28437cdb90d5dc7d93e539c4c25c24d7)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00060001.jpg?sign=1738829294-eOzSeDpjGOda8aeP47yJBSpZPMEunnND-0-590eea16fa5a35c597721ae36fc55dcb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00061001.jpg?sign=1738829294-rhmtiyNIITTkdexoxVdwtNjYoKU8MG16-0-a1a994a35afe8c42a04d7a305a06a10e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00062001.jpg?sign=1738829294-vlWbQtWZASWHkZ3Gz5BdAEvTTkFk6PGm-0-50fb7fba25d4fb8f82830ec3f7f89911)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00063001.jpg?sign=1738829294-4tGjqvNAJIvbdMeVLIHLnO5VQzBZk6KX-0-5960a94af0e20b96fc9c23cd77f98e69)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00064001.jpg?sign=1738829294-x3dGyRJrNPyyBLqoXCHzhCGIpN5olzJy-0-41dfef91ba2dadb2a2a031c06da37ff3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00065001.jpg?sign=1738829294-Z8DFStwtdsefYbV0HjogU2IVGdxBV9En-0-7059a414598be24c01b7978eeaa59551)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00066001.jpg?sign=1738829294-vcVbKY2DKDiH4cKpOWzFUSLdCuqA2nlF-0-dae0cb40d61727f37a37ec0911169e54)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00067001.jpg?sign=1738829294-iqXB8HZJtkGaaLX9889qB3rj9THzXhFf-0-aa8d9259a564dcf222eae6060df658be)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00068001.jpg?sign=1738829294-LBCVBmBoXVn48ukJHjbDp0Qk3Lmo112c-0-8c9bc6649e0eaccabad5513271e3a01d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00069001.jpg?sign=1738829294-JvpOiy6m7sDorg5VMzkZfPShsOAwldzj-0-c2228da7ee84d3c1e1be493ce6b7a8b5)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00070001.jpg?sign=1738829294-VJ5l8igsOQD0xGW8TloC8xkB5KIVRsUL-0-de6dafcd5708b41b765ea71f8c5d192a)
表3-1-17 沉淀硬化耐热钢的化学成分和力学性能(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071001.jpg?sign=1738829294-AzzQHVVsE8P1G2HrF0f959wTOWfex5sa-0-db95c1335facd915552528bab085e9e1)
注:见表3-1-15表注。
表3-1-18 耐热钢的特性和用途(摘自GB/T 1221—2007)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00071002.jpg?sign=1738829294-S0YQy1bZ4ny1jdHIJf5y0v1RC4ls4rO8-0-73d6b6624a3b39045126cc96d516f608)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00072001.jpg?sign=1738829294-NhDhluLcXl3tGnIFXA9DuDEouSk7pve1-0-685a7100ada073a7a7b1bbf17f8e9630)
注:1.与本表对应的新钢号见表3-1-15和表3-1-16。
2.GB/T 1221—2007中新增加的马氏体型钢17Cr16Ni2、45Cr9Si3及沉淀硬化型钢06Cr15Ni25Ti2MoAlVB未编入表中。
大型不锈、耐酸、耐热钢锻件的化学成分和力学性能(摘自JB/T 6398—2006)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00073001.jpg?sign=1738829294-vt8OqI57NFX5HykAlVioW9ihHOAYMg71-0-39a85e910742f678d93b390afb560967)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00074001.jpg?sign=1738829294-HwnQPfUt043qFOtwU4AStwWCCSxt6olL-0-d3225580135b867b311e88bd0b09cfbf)
工具钢(摘自GB/T 1298—2008、GB/T 1299—2000)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00075001.jpg?sign=1738829294-Wp1vBvOvuXiadRF7D8fmcmI7fWZZI2Vf-0-575087516f54db42fff5feacfef569a0)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00076001.jpg?sign=1738829294-Hu2uggVXqtwOYyyNAb5fP1EzuknegShT-0-2d410f9ebe6c0f1cd937fc0904e23345)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00077001.jpg?sign=1738829294-MdUOikTmukSaOHeyQaqxVF1XsoNllwHT-0-a9461028a1018e3e289b4d640e2912bb)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00078001.jpg?sign=1738829294-DW9hmIb3lK5DFaM7bbDy4Wj7G4nFVbNX-0-364c51e379aa25cca14448980b29be62)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00079001.jpg?sign=1738829294-vmF3ZW2kBZ5hvtWfdibhrmPOGtt3F2Oh-0-466ae7084e01005cc156eee38cc7ea7c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00080001.jpg?sign=1738829294-BrQPEzZrGC3gWiZUjSGJSEG7CwV4mHQQ-0-5308db04d749fd97426a39e382236136)
耐候结构钢(摘自GB/T 4171—2008)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00081001.jpg?sign=1738829294-VFqppF3Pkg9xXaiLwXhM3CbQ9Upu9Gyz-0-1d2e9fb88b6a02fa5f49d789b4def3ea)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00082001.jpg?sign=1738829294-QUUZrrj9BVIvPzeKhZckotGQoGyAhgad-0-eaa47bfe19237a2622de61ff69edb6c7)
大型轧辊件用钢(摘自JB/T 6401—1992)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00083001.jpg?sign=1738829294-fjA4iIk3G52k8qkCaq4dOv9z6huRQStK-0-8872b78c472883ed3e597eefd5f63073)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/5EDD1A/16499785105920106/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/img00084001.jpg?sign=1738829294-ZhyuuprsjTaXJPON95mEKKYgPu87vHh9-0-e2f8594d45bd779b4277ab737633c98c)