弥漫与消弥:网络舆情的演化模式与应对策略
上QQ阅读APP看本书,新人免费读10天
设备和账号都新为新人

第四节 基本框架

本书共分为前后相继的七章。

第一章为绪论。受媒介生态环境和现实社会环境的影响,网络舆情的间歇性发生成为当前中国社会不可忽视的一个事实。本章在交代具体研究背景和研究意义的基础上,阐述了本研究的目标,即揭示网络舆情演化规律及其形成与发展的动力机制,并据此提出行之有效的网络舆情管理和应对策略。此外,本章还从网络舆情传播模式、网络舆情观点聚合、网络舆情信息扩散三个方面对现有的相关文献进行了综述,同时提出了研究的思路和方法,以及全书的基本框架。

第二章分析了网络舆情演化研究的理论框架。网络舆情演化实质上是发生于互联网这一复杂网络中的观点动力学和传播动力学过程,为此,本章首先界定了网络舆情及网络舆情演化的概念与内涵,认为网络舆情观点聚合与网络舆情信息扩散是网络舆情演化过程中相互交融的两个面向,它们贯穿于网络舆情发生、发展的整个生命周期,是同时进行的网络舆情演化的两个分支。本章还描述了新媒体环境下的网络舆情图景,梳理了网络舆情演化建模的两个相关理论,即社会动力学和复杂社会网络,并以此分析为基础阐释了网络舆情演化模型的要素构成。

第三章讨论可视化分析技术在网络舆情研究中的应用。网络舆情信息具有典型的大数据特征,具体表现为它的海量性、多样性、动态性和低价值密度性,使用传统的社会研究方法充分处理这些信息。为此,本章在介绍当前研究者普遍使用的网络舆情分析方法及其实践现状的基础上,探讨了文本信息、层次信息、关系网络信息等网络舆情信息的可视化分析途径。通过绘制可视化图形的方式,可以更好地呈现网络舆情的发展过程,进而揭示网络舆情的演化规律。

第四章探讨网络舆情演化中的观点聚合模型构建与仿真。作为网络舆情演化过程的重要分支,网络舆情观点聚合探讨的是初始时刻关于某一舆情事件的杂乱无章的个体观点通过何种内在机制最终聚合并达成共识、极化或出现少量观点簇的。本章结合观点动力学模型的研究成果和网络舆情观点聚合过程的特殊性,提出网络舆情演化过程中个体观点交互的环境与规则,进而构建网络舆情观点聚合模型;在此基础上,通过对模型的仿真对影响网络舆情观点聚合的因素进行分析。

第五章探讨网络舆情演化中的信息扩散模型构建与仿真。网络舆情信息扩散过程是网络舆情受众范围和社会影响随时间而不断扩大的过程。本章首先进行网络舆情信息扩散机制分析,提出基于个体中心网的交互扩散模式;结合传染病研究中的SEIR模型和网络舆情信息扩散中的个体交互模式,提出了适合网络舆情信息扩散过程的信息扩散模型;通过调整部分变量和参数的取值,研究影响网络舆情信息扩散过程的主要因素及这些因素的作用机制。

第六章结合具体案例的分析概括网络舆情传播过程的可视化及其内在规律。由于信息网络技术的发展,一些新的传播媒介不断涌现出来;在此背景下,网络舆情也可以细化为更多的门类,如微博舆情、微信舆情等。本章以微博舆情为关注点,首先探讨其中的用户特征及传播特质,然后利用可视化分析的方法分析了“哈尔滨天价鱼事件”的传播过程,最后归纳出网络舆情传播过程的共同性,揭示出这种共同性背后所蕴含的网络舆情传播规律。

第七章分析了新媒体环境下网络舆情应对的困难、原则及策略。网络舆情具有两面性:从积极的一面来看,网络舆情能够维护一些个人或群体的利益,甚至促进社会的民主化进程;从消极的一面来看,有些网络舆情也会侵犯一些个人或群体的利益,甚至破坏社会秩序,影响社会的和谐与稳定。但不管怎样,对待网络舆情都不能持以放任不管的态度;反之,相关部门应当紧密关注网络舆情动向,提高网络舆情应对能力,构建行之有效的网络舆情管理机制。本章在分析新媒体环境下网络舆情应对困境的基础上,提出了网络舆情的应对原则和应对策略。


(1)陈明,杨国炜,陈樵哥.中国网络舆论现状及舆论引导[J].瞭望新闻周刊,2004(35);季丹,谢耘耕.中国网络舆情研究的历史回顾与反思——基于CNKI、CSSCI高被引论文观察[J].上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2012(4).

(2)喻国明.微博影响力的形成机制与社会价值[J].人民论坛,2011(34).

(3)曼纽尔·卡斯特.网络社会的崛起[M].夏铸九,等,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003:569.

(4)曼纽尔·卡斯特.网络社会的崛起[M].夏铸九,等,译.北京:社会科学文献出版社,2003:437.

(5)张江健.纸媒将死?但不会坐以待毙![EB/OL].百度百家,[2015-01-13].http://zhangjiangjian.baijia.baidu.com/article/42452.

(6)Mary M. Internet Trends 2016[EB/OL].KPCB,http://www.kpcb.com/blog/2016-internettrends-report.

(7)中国互联网络信息中心.第38次中国互联网络发展状况统计报告[EB/OL].[2016-07].http://www.cnnic.net.cn/hlwfzyj/hlwxzbg/hlwtjbg/201608/P020160803367337470363.pdf.

(8)赵鼎新.社会与政治运动讲义[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,2006:6.

(9)于文轩.什么样的强政府?什么样的强社会?[EB/OL].联合早报,[2011-06-10].http://www.zaobao.com/special/report/politic/cnpol/story20110610-140189.

(10)丹尼斯·麦奎尔,斯文·温德尔.大众传播模式论[M].祝建华,译.上海:上海译文出版社,2008:2.

(11)Deutsch, K. W. The Nerves of Government: Models of Political Communication and Control[M]. New York: Free Press, 1966.

(12)保罗·拉扎斯菲尔德,伯纳德·贝雷尔森,黑兹尔·高德特.人民的选择:选民如何在总统选战中做决定[M].唐茜,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,2012:1-15.

(13)王子文,马静.网络舆情中的“网络推手”问题研究[J].政治学研究,2011(2).

(14)李彪.谁在网络中呼风唤雨:网络舆情传播的动力节点和动力机制研究[M].北京:人民日报出版社,2011:15-17.

(15)Newcomb, T. An Approach to the Study of Communicative Acts[J]. Psychological Review, 1953, 60(2):393-404.

(16)Newcomb, T. M. Individual Systems of Orientation[M]. In Koch S(ed.). Psychology: A Study of a Science, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959:384-422.

(17)周耀明,张慧成,王波.网络舆情演化模式分析[J].信息工程大学学报,2012(3).

(18)徐晓林,王子文.关于把握网络舆情主导权问题研究[J].管理世界,2010(4).

(19)Wilbur, L. S. The Process and Effects of Mass Communication[M]. Champaign IL: University of Illinois Press, 1971:3-26.

(20)Westley, B. H., MacLean, M. S. A Conceptual Model for Communications Research[J]. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 1957, 34(1):31-38.

(21)Lippmann, W. Public Opinion[M]. Radford: Wilder Publications. 2010.

(22)程世寿.公共舆论学[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2003.

(23)Towse, A. Book Review:“Readings in Public Opinion: Its Formation and Control”[J]. American Journal of Public Health and the Nations Health, 1929, 19(11):1275-1275; Graves, W. B. Readings in Public Opinion: Its Formation and Control[M]. New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1928.

(24)Davison, W. P. The Public Opinion Process[J]. Public Opinion Quarterly, 1958, 22(2):91-106.

(25)韩运荣,喻国明.舆论学原理、方法与应用[M].北京:中国传媒大学出版社,2005.

(26)刘建明.舆论传播[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001:30-45.

(27)徐向红.舆论的形成初探[J].东岳论丛,1988(1).

(28)王来华.舆情变动规律初论[J].学术交流,2005(12);方付建.突发事件网络舆情演变研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2011.

(29)陈月生.群体性突发事件与舆情[M].天津:天津社会科学院出版社,2005:21-48.

(30)刘怡君,牛文元.舆论形成及其演化的机理建模分析[J].科学对社会的影响,2009(3).

(31)喻国明,李彪.舆情热点中政府危机干预的特点及借鉴意义[J].新闻与写作,2009(6).

(32)顾明毅,周忍伟.网络舆情及社会性网络信息传播模式[J].新闻与传播研究,2009(5).

(33)王伟,许鑫.基于聚类的网络舆情热点发现及分析[J].现代图书情报技术,2009(3).

(34)王国华,曾润喜,方付建.解码网络舆情[M].武汉:华中科技大学出版社,2011.

(35)李永刚.中国互联网上的民意表达[J].二十一世纪,2009(4).

(36)Holley, R. A., Liggett, T. M. Ergodic Theorems for Weakly Interacting Infinite Systems and the Voter Model[J]. The Annals of Probability. 1975:643-663; Clifford, P., Sudbury, A. A Model for Spatial Conflict[J]. Biometrika, 1973, 60(3):581-588.

(37)Galam, S. Minority Opinion Spreading in Random Geometry[J]. The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2002, 25(4):403-406; Galam, S., Moscovici, S. Towards a Theory of Collective Phenomena: Consensus and Attitude Changes in Groups[J]. European Journal of Social Psychology, 1991, 21(1):49-74.

(38)Tessone, C. J., Toral, R., Amengual P, et al. Neighborhood Models of Minority Opinion Spreading[J]. The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2004, 39(4):535-544.

(39)Gekle, S., Peliti, L., Galam, S. Opinion Dynamics in a Three-Choice System[J]. The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2005, 45(4):569-575.

(40)Galam, S. Heterogeneous Beliefs, Segregation, and Extremism in the Making of Public Opinions[J]. Physical Review E, 2005, 71(4):046123.

(41)Galam, S., Jacobs, F. The Role of Inflexible Minorities in the Breaking of Democratic Opinion Dynamics[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2007, 381:366-376.

(42)Latane, B. The Psychology of Social Impact[J]. American Psychologist, 1981, 36(4):343.

(43)Nowak, A., Szamrej, J., Latané B. From Private Attitude to Public Opinion: A Dynamic Theory of Social Impact[J]. Psychological Review, 1990, 97(3):362.

(44)Kohring, G. Ising Models of Social Impact: The Role of Cumulative Advantage[J]. Journal de Physique I, 1996, 6(2):301-308.

(45)Ho?yst, J. A., Kacperski, K., Schweitzer, F. Phase Transitions in Social Impact Models of O-pinion Formation[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2000, 285(1):199-210; Kacperski, K., Holyst, J. Phase Transitions and Hysteresis in a Cellular Automata-Based Model of Opinion Formation[J]. Journal of Statistical Physics, 1996, 84(1-2):169-189; Kacperski, K., Ho?yst, J. A. Phase Transitions as a Persistent Feature of Groups with Leaders in Models of Opinion Formation[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2000, 287(3):631-643; Kacperski, K., Ho?yst, J. A. Opinion Formation Model with Strong Leader and External Impact: A Mean Field Approach[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 1999, 269(2):511-526.

(46)Bordogna, C. M., Albano, E. V. Statistical Methods Applied to the Study of Opinion Formation Models: A Brief Overview and Results of a Numerical Study of a Model Based on the Social Impact Theory[J]. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, 2007, 19(6):065144.

(47)Lyst, J., Kacperski, K., Schweitzer, F. Social Impact Models of Opinion Dynamics[J]. Annual Reviews of Computational Physics. 2002, (9):253-273.

(48)Sznajd-Weron, K., Sznajd, J. Opinion Evolution in Closed Community[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2000, 11(6):1157-1165; Sznajd-Weron, K. Sznajd Model and Its Applications[J]. Acta Physica Polonica B, 2005, 36:2537.

(49)Behera, L., Schweitzer, F. On Spatial Consensus Formation: Is the Sznajd Model Different from a Voter Model?[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2003, 14(10):1331-1354.

(50)Stauffer, D., Sousa, A. O., Oliveira, S. M. Generalization to Square Lattice of Sznajd Sociophysics Model[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2000, 11(6):1239-1245.

(51)Chang, I. Sznajd Sociophysics Model on a Triangular Lattice: Ferro and Antiferromagnetic Opinions[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2001, 12(10):1509-1512.

(52)Slanina, F., Lavicka, H. Analytical Results for the Sznajd Model of Opinion Formation[J]. The European Physical Journal B: Condensed Matter and Complex Systems, 2003, 35(2):279-288.

(53)Rodrigues, F. A., Da, F. Costa, L. Surviving Opinions in Sznajd Models on Complex Networks[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2005, 16(11):1785-1792.

(54)Elgazzar, A. Application of the Sznajd Sociophysics Model to Small-World Networks[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2001, 12(10):1537-1544; He, M., Li, B., Luo, L. Sznajd Model with“Social Temperature”and Defender on Small-World Networks[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2004, 15(07):997-1003.

(55)Behera, L., Schweitzer, F. On Spatial Consensus Formation: Is the Sznajd Model Different from a Voter Model?[J]. International Journal of Modern Physics C, 2003, 14(10):1331-1354; Stauffer, D., Sousa, A., Schulz, C. Discretized Opinion Dynamics of the Deffuant Model on Scale-Free Networks[J]. Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, 2004, 7(3): http://jasss.soc.surrey.ac.uk/7/3/7.html; Sousa, A., Sanchez, J. “Outward-Inward Information Flux in an Opinion Formation Model on Different Topologies[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2006, 361(1):319-328.

(56)Deffuant, G., Neau, D., Amblard, F., et al. Mixing Beliefs among Interacting Agents[J]. Advances in Complex Systems, 2000, 3(01n04):87-98.

(57)Shang, Y. An Agent Based Model for Opinion Dynamics with Random Confidence Threshold[J]. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 2014, 19(10):3766-3777.

(58)Weisbuch, G., Deffuant, G., Amblard, F., et al. Meet, Discuss, and Segregate![J]. Complexity, 2002, 7(3):55-63.

(59)Laguna, M., Abramson, G., Zanette, D. H. Minorities in a Model for Opinion Formation[J]. Complexity, 2004, 9(4):31-36; Porfiri, M., Bollt, E., Stilwell, D. Decline of Minorities in Stubborn Societies[J]. The European Physical Journal B, 2007, 57(4):481-486.

(60)Urbig, D., Lorenz, J. Communication Regimes in Opinion Dynamics: Changing the Number of Communicating Agents[C]. Proceedings of the Second Conference of the European Social Simulation Association, Valladolid, Spain, 2004.

(61)Weisbuch, G., Deffuant, G., Amblard, F., et al. Meet, Discuss, and Segregate![J]. Complexity, 2002, 7(3):55-63.

(62)Lorenz J. Continuous Opinion Dynamics:Insights through Interactive Markov Chains[Z].arXiv:0708.3293,2007.

(63)陈福集,李林斌.Galam模型在网络舆情演化中的应用[J].计算机应用,2011(12).

(64)王茹.复杂网络Opinion动力学研究[D].武汉:华中师范大学,2009;王茹,蔡勖.推广小世界网络上的Sznajd舆论模型[J].广西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008(1).

(65)陈桂茸,蔡皖东,徐会杰,等.网络舆论演化的高影响力优先有限信任模型[J].上海交通大学学报,2013(1).

(66)周耀明,王波,张慧成.基于Emd的网络舆情演化分析与建模方法[J].计算机工程,2012(21).

(67)Barabási, A-L, Albert, R. Statistical Mechanics of Complex Networks[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics. 2002, 74(1):47-97.

(68)何敏华,张端明,王海艳,等.基于无标度网络拓扑结构变化的舆论演化模型[J].物理学报,2010(8).

(69)熊熙,胡勇.基于社交网络的观点传播动力学研究[J].物理学报,2012(15).

(70)王根生.网络舆情群体极化动力模型与仿真分析[J].情报杂志,2012(3).

(71)陆安,刘业政.基于连续影响函数的群体观点演化模型与仿真[J].管理学报,2014(2).

(72)Bass, F. M. A New Product Growth for Model Consumer Durables[J]. Management Science, 1969, 15(5):215-227.

(73)Rogers, E. M. Diffusion of Innovation[M]. New York: The Free Press, 2003.

(74)Watts, D. J. A Simple Model of Global Cascades on Random Networks[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2002, 99(9):5766-5771; Centola, D., Gonzalez-Avella, J. C., Eguiluz, V. M., et al. Homophily, Cultural Drift, and the Co-Evolution of Cultural Groups[J]. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 2007, 51(6):905-929.

(75)Buzna, L., Peters, K., Helbing, D. Modelling the Dynamics of Disaster Spreading in Networks[J]. Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 2006, 363(1):132-140.

(76)Sinha, S., Biswas, S., Sen, P. A Stochastic Opinion Dynamics Model with Domain Size Dependent Dynamic Evolution[Z]. arXiv:1205. 3943, 2012; Castro, A., Rodriguez-Sickert C. The Effect of Social Interactions in the Primary Consumption Life Cycle of Motion Pictures[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2006, 8(4):52.

(77)Rogers, E. M. Diffusion of Innovation[M]. New York: The Free Press, 2003.

(78)王萍.社会化网络的信息扩散研究[J].情报杂志,2009(10).

(79)Goldenberg, J. Talk of the Network: A Complex Systems Look at the Underlying Process of Wordof-Mouse[M]. Marketing Letters, 2001, 12(3):211-223.

(80)Schelling, T. C. Micromotives and Macrobehavior[M]. WW Norton & Company, 2006; Granovetter, M. Threshold Models of Collective Behavior[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1978:1420-1443.

(81)刘常昱,胡晓峰,罗批,等.基于Agent的网络舆论传播模型研究[J].计算机仿真,2009(1);梅珊.基于复杂Agent网络的病毒传播建模和仿真研究[D].长沙:国防科学技术大学,2010;王战平.基于Agent的网络传播危机信息识别与评价研究[J].图书情报工作,2006(12);蒋帅.基于多Agent仿真的在线口碑传播网络形成机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010;贺筱媛,胡晓峰,罗批.基于Agent和CPN的Web信息传播系统建模研究[J].系统仿真学报,2010(3).

(82)Liggett, T. M. Stochastic Interacting Systems: Contact, Voter and Exclusion Processes[M]. Springer, 1999; Grimmett G. What Is Percolation?1999.

(83)Zanette, D. H. Criticality of Rumor Propagation on Small-World Networks[Z]. arXiv preprint cond-mat/0109049, 2001; Zanette, D. H. Dynamics of Rumor Propagation on Small-World Networks[J]. Physical Review E, 2002, 65(4):041908.

(84)Moreno, Y., Nekovee, M., Pacheco, A. F. Dynamics of Rumor Spreading in Complex Networks[J]. Physical Review E, 2004, 69(6):066130.

(85)潘灶烽,汪小帆,李翔.可变聚类系数无标度网络上的谣言传播仿真研究[J].系统仿真学报,2006(8);汪小帆,李翔,陈关荣.复杂网络理论及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006.

(86)许晓东,肖银涛,朱士瑞.微博社区的谣言传播仿真研究[J].计算机工程,2011(10).

(87)顾亦然,夏玲玲.在线社交网络中谣言的传播与抑制[J].物理学报,2012(23).