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Is the Special Economic Zone a Shortcut to Development: Theoretical Propositions and Chinese Evidences
Yuan Yiming & Yuan Hongyuan
(China Center for Special Economic Zone Research, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen,Guangdong,518060)
Abstract: In the 16th and 17th centuries, the number of free trade ports and free trade areas accelerated; in the 18th and 19th centuries, special economic zones were established in many regions of the world. Today, about three-quarters of the countries have at least one special economic zone. The special economic zone has become a widespread global phenomenon and a unique existence in the process of world economic development. In addition, the special economic zone continues to develop in its extension and connotation, manifesting in the rapid evolution in type from the free trade area and free port to the export processing zone, science and technology park, and comprehensive special economic zone. Why has the special economic zone been able to persist over the past centuries and continue to evolve in terms of quantity, type and model? This paper argues that, in theory, most developing countries are “trapped in poverty” for a long time; this low level of economic equilibrium is essentially caused by institutional locking and development path locking, while the special economic zone can be an effective means to break institutional locking. The special economic zones in China are the product of the transformation of Chinese society from a planned system to a socialist market economic system. Since their birth, they have been institutionalized and carry the overall mission of radiating and driving the country, and the special economic zones in China thus form the characteristics and attributes that distinguish them from other special economic zones in the world: institutional, experimental, and evolutionary. This is the deep reason why China's special economic zones can make a unique contribution to the development of the global special economic zones.
Keywords: Special Economic Zone;Institutional Reform; Model Evolution
(文字编辑:李桐)
[1]袁易明,深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心副主任、教授、博士生导师,深圳市汉仑绿色发展研究院院长;袁竑源,深圳大学中国经济特区研究中心博士研究生。
[2]英国《经济学家》周刊网站2017年4月3日刊发题为“不那么特别”的文章指出,1959年第一个现代自由贸易区在香农机场建立时,爱尔兰境外几乎无人关注。如今,结合了税收和关税优惠、海关手续简化和监管约束较少等优点的“经济特区”似乎得到所有人的景仰,全球3/4的国家都至少拥有一个经济特区。全世界现有大约4300个经济特区,这个数字还在不断上升。缅甸和卡塔尔近日新建了经济特区,印度官员称该国经济特区构想“具有革命性”,日本首相安倍晋三把建设战略性特区列入自己的改革日程。